EVALUASI RASIONALITAS PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN PNEUMONIA DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RSUD dr. SAYIDIMAN MAGETAN

Abstract

ABSTRAK

                Pendahuluan: Pneumonia merupakan infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah yang memerlukan terapi antibiotik, namun penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional dapat meningkatkan risiko kegagalan terapi, memperpanjang lama rawat inap, dan memicu resistensi bakteri sehingga evaluasi rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik perlu dilakukan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien, pola penggunaan antibiotik, mengevaluasi rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik berdasarkan standar WHO (tepat indikasi, tepat pasien, tepat obat, tepat dosis, dan tepat durasi), serta menganalisis hubungan rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik dengan lama rawat inap pasien pneumonia di RSUD dr. Sayidiman Magetan. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan retrospektif terhadap data rekam medis pasien periode September 2024–September 2025. Sebanyak 88 sampel dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Evaluasi rasionalitas mengacu pada standar WHO (Kementerian Kesehatan RI) dan analisis hubungan dilakukan menggunakan uji Pearson Chi-Square. Hasil: Mayoritas pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki (55,68%) dan berusia 76–86 tahun (34,09%). Penggunaan antibiotik kombinasi lebih banyak (54,55%), dengan cefoperazon tunggal (20,45%) dan kombinasi ampisilin-azitromisin (18,18%) sebagai regimen terbanyak. Ketepatan indikasi dan pasien mencapai 100%, tepat obat 63,64%, tepat dosis 85,23%, dan tepat durasi 71,59%. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik dan lama rawat inap (p=0,044). Kesimpulan: Rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik berhubungan signifikan dengan lama rawat inap pasien pneumonia sehingga kepatuhan terhadap pedoman terapi diperlukan untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan pengobatan dan mencegah resistensi bakteri.

Kata Kunci: antibiotik, rasionalitas, pneumonia, lama rawat inap

ABSTRACT

                Introduction: Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that requires antibiotic therapy. However, irrational antibiotic use may increase the risk of treatment failure, prolong the length of hospital stay, and contribute to bacterial resistance. Therefore, evaluating the rational use of antibiotics is essential. Objective: This study aimed to determine the characteristics of pneumonia patients, identify patterns of antibiotic use, evaluate the rationality of antibiotic use based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (appropriate indication, appropriate patient, appropriate drug, appropriate dose, and appropriate duration), and analyze the relationship between the rationality of antibiotic use and the length of hospital stay among pneumonia patients at dr. Sayidiman Magetan Regional General Hospital. Methods: This descriptive quantitative study employed a retrospective approach using medical records of pneumonia patients treated between September 2024 and September 2025. A total of 88 patients were selected using purposive sampling. The evaluation of antibiotic use was conducted according to the WHO standards adopted by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The association between the rationality of antibiotic use and the length of hospital stay was analyzed using the Pearson Chi-Square test. Results: Most patients were male (55.68%) and aged 76–86 years (34.09%). Combination antibiotic therapy was more frequently prescribed (54.55%) than monotherapy, with cefoperazone monotherapy (20.45%) and the ampicillin–azithromycin combination (18.18%) being the most commonly used regimens. The proportions of appropriate indication and appropriate patient were both 100%, while appropriate drug, appropriate dose, and appropriate duration were 63.64%, 85.23%, and 71.59%, respectively. A statistically significant association was found between the rationality of antibiotic use and the length of hospital stay (p = 0.044). Conclusion: The rational use of antibiotics was significantly associated with the length of hospital stay among pneumonia patients. Adherence to antibiotic therapy guidelines is therefore essential to improve treatment outcomes and prevent the development of bacterial resistance.

Keywords: antibiotics, rational use, pneumonia, length of hospital stay