PENGARUH PRODUKTIVIS DAN HARGA UDANG TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI TAMBAK UDANG DALAM PERSFEKTIF EKONOMI SYARIAH DI DESA PASAR RAWA KECAMATAN GEBANG KABUPATEN LANGKAT

Abstrak

Rural development plays a strategic role in improving community welfare; however, it still faces various challenges, such as low quality of human resources, limited infrastructure, weak governance, and suboptimal utilization of local potential. One of the promising sectors in coastal areas is aquaculture, particularly shrimp farming, which serves as the main livelihood for the community of Pasar rawa Village, Gebang District, Langkat Regency. Although shrimp farming has developed and possesses high economic value, the welfare of shrimp farmers remains fluctuating due to instability in productivity and shrimp prices. Productivity is influenced by traditional farming methods, limited technology, environmental factors, and shrimp diseases. Meanwhile, shrimp prices at the farmer level tend to fluctuate and are affected by market demand, peak harvest periods, and dependence on middlemen, resulting in weak bargaining power for farmers. These conditions directly impact farmers’ income and their ability to meet basic needs, education, and family health. From the perspective of Islamic economics, welfare (falāḥ) is not solely measured by material aspects but also encompasses justice, blessings, and business sustainability. Islam encourages its followers to work diligently and honestly, as emphasized in QS. At-Taubah verse 105. True welfare must be achieved through lawful, productive, and equitable economic activities. This study employs a quantitative associative method with a sample of 20 shrimp farmers to analyze the effect of productivity and shrimp prices on farmers’ welfare. The results indicate that productivity has a positive and significant effect on farmers’ welfare (t-value = 4.106), while shrimp prices have a very strong and significant effect on farmers’ welfare (t-value = 40.907). These findings confirm that improving productivity and ensuring fair pricing are key factors in achieving sustainable welfare for shrimp farmers in accordance with the principles of Islamic economics.