PHILOLOGY Journal of English Language and Literature

A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF ILLOCUTIONARY ACT TYPES AND FUNCTIONS IN THE MOVIE SCRIPT OF A MAN CALLED OTTO

2026-08-28T08:39:21+00:00

This study investigates the types and functions of illocutionary acts in the movie script A Man Called Otto (2022), directed by Marc Forster. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the research analyzes all utterances produced by the main character, Otto Anderson, based on Searle’s (1979) classification of speech acts. The objectives are to identify the types of illocutionary acts and explain their functions within the conversational context of the movie. The findings reveal 371 illocutionary acts classified into five categories: representative (35.58%), directive (28.84%), expressive (24.53%), commissive (9.43%), and declarative (1.62%). Among the 29 identified functions, asking (10.24%), expressing anger (9.97%), and explaining (7.82%) are the most frequent. The results indicate that Otto primarily uses language to express beliefs, convey information, and communicate emotional states. The predominance of representative and expressive acts reflects his direct yet emotionally complex personality and illustrates his gradual character development throughout the story. This study demonstrates the applicability of Searle’s speech act theory in analyzing movie scripts and contributes to pragmatic studies of cinematic discourse.

A SEMANTICS STUDY OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN SABRINA CARPENTER EMAIL’S I CAN’T SEND ALBUM LYRICS

2026-08-28T08:39:21+00:00

This study aims to investigate the forms of figurative language and semantics meanings contained in Sabrina Carpenter’s album Email’s I Can’t Send. A descriptive qualitative method was employed in this research to provide a systematic description of figurative expressions and semantics interpretations identified in the song lyrics. the analysis was based on Perrine’s theory, which classification figurative language into 12 types, and Leech’s theory, which classifies semantics meaning into 7 categories. However, the result revealed that only 11 types of figurative language and 4 types of semantics meaning were discovered in the analyzed data. The findings indicated the presence f 53 metaphor, 33 hyperbole, 32 irony, 13 paradox, 7 symbol, 4 simile, 4 personification, 3 metonymy, 3 understatements, 1 synecdoche, and 1 apostrophe. Furthermore, the semantics meaning identified consisted of 85 affective meaning, 64 connotative meaning, 3 thematic meaning, and 2 social meaning. Overall, the lyrics of the album dominantly convey emotional expressions, personal experiences, and implicit messages through the use of figurative language and non-literal language.

STUDENT RESEARCH IN SUPPORTING ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES AT THE FACULTY OF LETTERS, UMN AL-WASHLIYAH

2026-08-28T08:39:21+00:00

This study examines the function and impact of student research in fortifying the academic framework at the Faculty of Letters, Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al- Washliyah. As a foundational aspect of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, student research should transcend mere fulfillment of graduation criteria, functioning instead as a vital tool for intellectual growth. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the investigation gathers data through methods such as observation, interviews, and analysis of students' scholarly outputs. The findings reveal that these research endeavors substantially enhance information literacy, critical analytical abilities in literary and linguistic texts, and the faculty's output of scientific publications. Nonetheless, persistent barriers, including restricted access to references and challenges in time management, continue to impede progress. To elevate academic standards within the faculty, this study advocates for intensified collaboration between lecturers and students on research, alongside provision of enhanced support facilities.

THE TRANSIENCE OF POWER AND HUMAN PRIDE IN PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY’S OZYMANDIAS: A LITERARY REFLECTION ON THE NATURE OF HUMAN EXISTENCE

2026-08-28T08:39:21+00:00

Percy Bysshe Shelley's poem Ozymandias is not simply a story about an old statue in the desert it is a mirror that stares back at us humans thirsting for traces and fearing oblivion. This study reads Ozymandias as a meditation on the transience of power and human arrogance, as well as an invitation to reflect on the meaning of existence. Through a close reading of the text and a comparison with modern critical discourse, the study finds that Shelley writes with subtle irony. The king's claims of immortality turn into the silence of ruins, while language and art bear a meaning more enduring than worldly greatness. Using a qualitative descriptive approach focused on close reading and thematic analysis, this study explores how symbols, imagery, and irony work together to emphasize the existential idea that human endeavors to defy time ultimately reveal their own vulnerability. The results demonstrate two complementary principle first, that power and pride often lead to alienation and destruction second, that art and reflection can transform ruin into a source of wisdom. Through this interpretation, Ozymandias regains its relevance for today's readers it reminds us that a meaningful life is determined not by visible traces, but by a deep awareness of our limitations. This poem positions mortality not as a disability, but as a call to live more honestly and meaningfully.

A FEMINIST STUDY IN SHORT STORY ‘THE LOTTERY’ BY SHIRLEY JACKSON

2026-08-28T08:39:21+00:00

This research examines Shirley Jackson’s The Lottery using feminist literary criticism. The study focuses on how patriarchal values, gender hierarchy, and female representation are constructed through characters, dialogue, and social structure in the story. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the analysis reveals that male characters dominate decision-making roles, while women are positioned as passive followers of tradition. The ritual lottery reflects a patriarchal system where women have limited agency and are socialized to accept oppressive cultural norms. The character of Tessie Hutchinson becomes the central symbol of resistance; however, her protest is ignored and silenced by both men and women, illustrating how patriarchal systems suppress female autonomy. The findings demonstrate that the story exposes normalized violence, inequality, and the marginalization of women in society.

PSYCHOLOGICAL CONFLICT OF THE LYRICAL PERSONA IN THE ALBUM BILLIE EILISH “WHEN WE FALL ASLEEP, WHERE DO WE GO?”

2026-08-28T08:39:21+00:00

This study analyzes the psychological conflicts experienced by the lyrical persona in eight selected songs from Billie Eilish’s album When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go? using the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud and Carl Gustav Jung. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, the research identifies 97 instances of psychological conflict, including anxiety, insecurity, loneliness, unresolved grief, emotional dependency, and identity instability. Freud’s theory reveals conflicts through the interaction of the id, ego, superego, and defense mechanisms, while Jung’s theory highlights the roles of persona, shadow, and individuation. The findings show that the album functions as a cohesive psychological narrative portraying the persona’s ongoing struggle for self-understanding and emotional balance. The study concludes that the album reflects complex psychological experiences and demonstrates the relevance of psychoanalytic approaches in analyzing contemporary song lyrics.

A COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF WORD FORMATION IN THE ARCHIPELAGO WITH POLITICS SECTION OF THE JAKARTA POST

2026-08-28T08:39:21+00:00

This study aims to identify and compare the word formation processes found in the Archipelago and Politics sections of The Jakarta Post based on George Yule’s (2010) theory. A qualitative descriptive method was applied to analyze data collected from six online news articles published in 2025, consisting of three articles from each section. The findings show that several word formation processes were used in both sections, including borrowing, compounding, blending, conversion, acronym, derivation, and multiple processes. A total of 118 word formation items were found in the Politics section and 116 items in the Archipelago section. Among all types, derivation was the most dominant process, accounting for 46.61% of the data in Politics articles and 79.31% in Archipelago articles. The Politics section contained more acronyms, compounds, and conversions, while the Archipelago section relied more heavily on derivational forms. The study concludes that different news sections tend to use different linguistic patterns depending on their topics and communicative purposes. These findings contribute to the understanding of morphology, particularly the use of word formation processes in media texts.

CONNOTATIVE MEANING IN ARIANA GRANDE’S SONG LYRICS ETERNAL SUNSHINE ALBUM

2026-08-28T08:39:21+00:00

This study analyzes connotative meaning in selected songs from Ariana Grande’s Eternal Sunshine album using Geoffrey Leech’s theory. The research aims to identify the types, functions, and characteristics of connotative meaning found in the lyrics. A qualitative descriptive method was employed. The data consisted of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences containing connotative meanings from seven selected songs. The findings reveal three types of connotative meaning: positive (30 data), negative (35 data), and neutral (14 data). Negative connotation was the most dominant type, reflecting themes of heartbreak, emotional conflict, and insecurity. The dominant function was conveying emotion (27 data), while the most frequent characteristics were associative and subjective meanings (19 data each). The study concludes that connotative meaning plays a significant role in enriching the emotional and artistic quality of the album’s lyrics.

THE CONGRUENCY REALIZATIONS OF MOOD AND SPEECH FUNCTION IN ANGELINA JOLIE’S SPEECHES ON GENDER EQUALITY

2026-08-28T08:39:21+00:00

This study analyzes mood and speech function in three speeches delivered by Angelina Jolie on gender equality and human rights using Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics. The research aims to identify mood types, speech functions, and their congruent and incongruent uses. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with 227 clauses analyzed at the clause level. The findings show that declarative mood is dominant (225), while interrogative and imperative appear only once. Statements are the most frequent speech function (179), followed by commands (37), offers (10), and questions (1). A total of 181 clauses are congruent and 46 incongruent. The study concludes that declarative forms are used strategically to convey messages in a direct, persuasive, and diplomatic manner.

AN ANALYSIS OF FORMAL LANGUAGE USED IN THE MEETINGS OF THE NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCIAL REGIONAL HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (DPRD)

2026-08-28T08:39:21+00:00

Language plays an important role in communication activities, especially in governmental environments that require the use of official and structured language. This study aims to analyze the use of formal language in meeting activities at the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) of North Sumatra Province. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method with observation techniques of communication activities during meetings. The data were obtained from the spoken utterances of the meeting leaders and DPRD members during the discussion process. The results show that the language used tends to employ standard Indonesian, formal word choices, and clear sentence structures. The use of formal language plays an important role in creating orderly, effective, and professional communication in meeting activities.