JURNAL PENDIDIKAN IPS

MODEL OF COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE IN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY BASED ECOTOURISM MANAGEMENT (A CASE STUDY IN NINO KONIS SANTANA NATIONAL PARK, TIMOR LESTE)

Ana Maria Do Rosario Carolina da Cruz Marito Magno Felicidade Xavier — 2026-06-19

This research aims to analyze the implementation of a collaborative governance model in the management of indigenous community-based ecotourism within the Nino Konis Santana National Park (NKSNP), Timor-Leste. As a relatively new nation, Timor-Leste has designated tourism as a priority sector for economic development, with NKSNP serving as a primary destination due to its unique biodiversity and cultural richness. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach to gain an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of stakeholder interaction. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, participant observation in community meetings, and a documentary study of relevant policies. The findings indicate that the collaboration process among the government, the Fataluku indigenous community, NGOs, and the private sector is ongoing but remains informal, reactive, and suboptimal. Several key challenges were identified, including significant imbalances in power and resources, the absence of a formal collaborative forum with legal legitimacy, limited community management capacity, and overlapping regulations between the tourism and conservation sectors. Despite these challenges, there is significant potential rooted in the local wisdom of Tara Bandu, which is upheld by the indigenous community as a philosophical and practical foundation for conservation. This study concludes that the collaborative governance model in NKSNP is still in its initial (formative) stage and requires a more inclusive institutional design, strong facilitative leadership, and a transparent benefit-sharing mechanism to transform into a sustainable and equitable ecotourism management system that benefits the local community.

ETNOGRAFI KRITIS DALAM PENELITIAN SEJARAH: SEBUAH TINJAUAN KONSEPTUAL

Ody Aulia Ramadhan, Puput Indah Giri, Leli Yulifar — 2026-06-19

Historical studies have often focused on major events and official sources that tend to represent dominant groups. As a result, the experiences of marginalized groups receive less attention. Therefore, an approach that can present more diverse and contextual perspectives is needed. This study aims to examine critical ethnography as an approach in historical research through a conceptual review. This research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach by analyzing various relevant literature on critical ethnography and historical studies. The findings show that critical ethnography plays an important role in expanding historical sources, uncovering power relations, and bringing forward the social experiences of communities that have often been overlooked. In addition, this approach encourages critical awareness of social injustices in the past and their impact on the present. However, critical ethnography also has limitations, such as a high level of subjectivity, complex research processes, and difficulties in generalization. Nevertheless, this approach remains relevant in enriching historical studies, particularly in providing more reflective, inclusive, and socially grounded understandings.

MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DECENTRALIZATION POLICY THROUGH THE COMMUNITY SATISFACTION INDEX: A SURVEY OF PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF THE QUALITY OF BASIC SERVICES IN THE LAUTÉM MUNICIPALITY, TIMOR LESTE

2026-06-19

The decentralization policy in Timor-Leste, as a post-conflict nation, aims to bring public services closer to the community, improve their quality, and strengthen state legitimacy at the local level. This study presents a comprehensive empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of this policy in the Lautém Municipality by analyzing the level of community satisfaction with three pillars of basic services: education, health, and population administration. Using a quantitative approach with a survey method involving 350 heads of households selected through stratified random sampling, this research adopts a modified SERVQUAL framework. The results show that the overall Community Satisfaction Index (CSI) score is 76.5 out of 100, which falls into the Good category. However, this finding conceals significant disparities among service types, population administration services scored the highest (81.2), reflecting the success of procedure standardization, followed by education (77.8), while health services significantly lagged with the lowest score (70.5), primarily due to issues with medicine availability and facilities. Multiple linear regression analysis identifies that the dimensions of responsiveness (β = 0.35, p < 0.01) and empathy (β = 0.25, p < 0.01) are the strongest predictors of community satisfaction, surpassing physical aspects (tangibles). These results indicate that although decentralization has shown a positive impact, its effectiveness is not yet uniform, and its success heavily depends on the quality of interaction between citizens and officials. A focused improvement in the capacity of local officials and a reformulation of resource allocation strategies, especially in the health sector, are necessary to realize the full potential of the decentralization policy.

MEMBANGUN KETAHANAN DIGITAL: INTEGRASI CRITICAL THINKING DALAM LITERASI MEDIA SOSIAL BAGI GENERASI Z

Intan Sari, M.Chaerul Rizky, Mayang Sari Filadelfian Zai, Fifi Deska, Melani — 2026-06-19

Perkembangan teknologi digital yang cepat telah membawa perubahan besar dalam cara masyarakat, terutama Generasi Z, mengakses, memproduksi, dan mendistribusikan informasi. Generasi Z merupakan kelompok yang sejak usia dini telah terbiasa menggunakan internet, media sosial, dan berbagai platform digital sebagai sumber utama informasi dan sarana interaksi sosial. Meskipun memiliki keterampilan teknis digital yang tinggi, Generasi Z juga menghadapi berbagai tantangan serius, seperti paparan terhadap misinformasi, manipulasi konten digital, penyalahgunaan data pribadi, serta ancaman keamanan siber. Kemunculan teknologi canggih seperti kecerdasan buatan, rekayasa digital, dan deepfake semakin meningkatkan kompleksitas ekosistem informasi digital, sehingga konten yang terlihat autentik tidak selalu dapat dipercaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pentingnya ketahanan digital Generasi Z dengan menekankan peran berpikir kritis dan literasi media digital sebagai kemampuan utama yang perlu dikembangkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menganalisis berbagai penelitian baik ditingkat nasional maupun internasional yang berkaitan dengan topik ketahanan digital, berpikir kritis, dan literasi media digital. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa berpikir kritis dasar yang penting dalam memperkuat ketahanan digital karena memungkinkan individu untuk menganalisis informasi secara mendalam, mengevaluasi kredibilitas sumber, serta membuat keputusan digital secara rasional dan bertanggung jawab. Selain itu, literasi media digital berfungsi sebagai penerapan praktis dari berpikir kritis dalam aktivitas bermedia, khususnya di media sosial. Dengan penguatan berpikir kritis dan literasi media digital, Generasi Z diharapkan mampu menjadi pengguna teknologi yang tidak hanya aktif secara teknis, tetapi juga cerdas, kritis, dan tangguh dalam menghadapi risiko digital.

THE ROLE OF THE ANTI CORRUPTION COMMISSION (CAC) IN DRIVING BUREAUCRATIC REFORM TOWARDS GOOD GOVERNANCE IN TIMOR LESTE

2026-06-19

Corruption is a primary obstacle to development and bureaucratic reform in post-conflict nations like Timor-Leste, where state institutions are still consolidating. In an environment characterized by a weak rule of law and strong patronage networks inherited from its period of struggle for independence, corruption not only harms state finances but also erodes government legitimacy and hinders human resource development. This study aims to critically and comprehensively analyze the role of the Anti-Corruption Commission (Comissão Anti-Corrupção/CAC) in promoting bureaucratic reform towards good governance in Timor-Leste. Utilizing a qualitative research method with a case study approach, data were collected through a comprehensive analysis of documents, including CAC annual reports, statistical data from the World Bank and Transparency International, national legal frameworks, and relevant literature. The findings indicate that the CAC plays a crucial and multifaceted role through its "Trisula Strategy": enforcement to create a deterrent effect and uphold the law, prevention as a catalyst for systemic reform, and education as the foundation for building a culture of integrity. Despite facing significant challenges such as resource limitations, uneven technical capacity, and alleged political interventions that test its independence, the CAC's enforcement actions in several high-profile cases have successfully elevated the discourse on public sector accountability. Concurrently, its systemic prevention and education programs, implemented gradually, have contributed to increased awareness and a paradigm shift in the bureaucratic culture, although implementation is often hampered by internal resistance. The CAC's effectiveness has not yet reached an optimal level and is highly dependent on strong political commitment from the governing elite and broader institutional reforms. This study recommends strengthening the CAC's institutional independence legally and financially, increasing results-oriented budget allocations, and fostering closer, more structured synergy with the judiciary, parliament, and civil society to accelerate the realization of sustainable good governance in Timor-Leste.

PEMBINAAN KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN MELALUI PROGRAM LISA (LIHAT SAMPAH AMBIL) DI SMPN 10 MATARA

Rahmi, Lalu Sumardi, Muh. Zubair — 2026-06-19

The increasingly concerning waste problem requires solutions not only technically, but through behavioral changes and the development of environmentally conscious community characters. This study aims to describe the implementation, impacts, and supporting and inhibiting factors of the LISA Movement (See Trash Pick Up) in developing environmentally conscious characters at SMPN 10 Mataram. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, passive participant observation, and documentation. Data validity was tested by triangulation of sources, techniques, and time. Data analysis followed the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model which includes data condensation, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of the study indicate that: (1) The implementation of the LISA Movement is structured through routine morning activities, breaks, and after school with a unique mechanism of "trash as a return ticket" which is the program's hallmark and involves all parties in the school; (2) The LISA Movement has a positive impact on the development of environmentally conscious characters as reflected in changes in student behavior, the formation of an environmentally conscious school culture, and improvements in the physical condition of the school environment; (3) Supporting factors include the commitment of the school community, the leadership of the principal, external support, the active role of the OSIS and the waste bank team, and adequate infrastructure, while the inhibiting factors are the diversity of student backgrounds, technical constraints on waste sorting, limited time for character development, and internal student factors such as laziness.

IMPACT EVALUATION OF THE 'BOLSA DA MÃE' SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM ON IMPROVING CHILDREN'S ACCESS TO EDUCATION AND HEALTH IN DILI, TIMOR LESTE

2026-06-19

Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs have become a globally popular policy instrument for breaking the intergenerational cycle of poverty. In Timor-Leste, the 'Bolsa da Mãe' (Mother's Allowance) program was implemented with a similar objective, targeting the most vulnerable families within the nation's socio-economic structure. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the impact of the Bolsa da Mãe program on improving access to education and health for children from beneficiary families in the urban area of Dili, a context with unique poverty dynamics. Using a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental (non-equivalent control group) design, this research compares 400 households (200 beneficiaries and 200 non-beneficiaries) matched on key socio-economic characteristics to minimize selection bias. Data was collected through in-depth structured questionnaire surveys and triangulated with secondary data from school records and health center medical records for validation. Inferential data analysis was conducted using an independent samples t-test to compare the mean achievements between the two groups. The results show that the Bolsa da Mãe program has a statistically and practically significant positive impact. The average school attendance rate for children from beneficiary families reached 94.5%, a substantial difference of 13.3 percentage points compared to 81.2% in the non-beneficiary group (p < 0.05). In terms of health, 91% of children from beneficiary families had received complete basic immunizations, far exceeding the 75% figure in the non-beneficiary group (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that Bolsa da Mãe functions not only as a social safety net that mitigates economic shocks but also as an effective human capital investment tool at the household level. The primary recommendations are for the government to strengthen compliance monitoring mechanisms digitally to enhance efficiency and to consider integrating the program with complementary services, such as nutrition education and sanitation programs, to maximize long-term impacts on human development.

STUDI DESKRIPTIF PERSONAL BRANDING MAHASISWA MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM PADA MAHASISWA DI ERA DIGITAL

2026-06-19

This study aims to analyse the use of Instagram as a tool for personal branding among university students, as well as the factors influencing it. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach with a sample of 77 respondents, determined using the Slovin formula with a margin of error of 10%. Data were collected via an online Likert-scale questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics with IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. The results indicate that the majority of respondents demonstrate a high level of awareness in utilising Instagram as a medium for self-presentation, particularly regarding visual aspects and audience understanding. Students have been able to manage their digital identities and build positive perceptions. However, strategic aspects such as content consistency and audience adaptation remain suboptimal. These findings suggest that although Instagram usage is active, personal branding is not yet fully managed strategically. Consequently, the potential for enhancing credibility and competitiveness remains unrealised. Therefore, improved digital literacy encompassing both technical and strategic aspects—is required to ensure personal branding delivers optimal benefits.